Sunday 23 February 2014

BP2 essay: Sam's intro/conclusion

pic: BBC


Thanks to Sam Watson for a model introduction and conclusion to the recent 40 mark essay on BP2 (Is the possibility of making financial losses in China due to the increasingly competitive market the main risk companies need to consider when weighing up the risks v the rewards of operating in China?). Sam’s introduction and conclusion are reproduced below.


Introduction

Risk is the potential for loss (financial and other) resulting from a business decision. A reward is the potential for gain (financial and other) resulting from a business decision.
I think that the main risk to companies operating in china is making financial losses there. I think this because if a company is making consecutive losses, i.e. year on year they are losing money, this means that for a foreign company, the business venture has not been successful. I think this because foreign companies, when setting up in China, invest heavily, for example Tesco invested $1.5billion into China. If the venture into China is not profitable, this can have major implications on not just the Chinese branch of the company, but also for the foreign company’s core business. I think that making a financial loss in China is the main risk because it means the investment could be wasted, which could have been invested in a much more secure market, like the UK, which isn’t as heavily exposed to factors like competition from cheaper products, unlike in China (although Chinese made products don’t quite have the low-cost advantages that they used to following wage inflation in recent years). B&Q backs up this point, as they had to close 22 Chinese stores between 2009 and 2010 after suffering from huge losses; in 2012 B&Q experienced a loss of £3m. I think that this is a prime example of financial losses being the key threat, but I think it is also important to consider other ways of experiencing financial losses, like damaging a company’s reputation, which can lead to a decrease in sales, and so a possible decrease in profit. Overall, after considering this final point, I think that the main risk depends on what type of company is operating in China, because a company like Rolls Royce will not experience as much competition from cheaper products made in China, because the product is seen as a foreign luxury and so has a strong unique selling point. A company like that would therefore have a different main risk, possibly something like changes in the external environment e.g. if problems in the Chinese economy meant people had less disposable income to spend on luxury items. However B&Q are in my opinion, most at risk from an increasingly competitive market, as they could be undercut by a Chinese company who can make the product for cheaper, and I do not think that B&Q’ customers will have much attachment to the brand and so will not mind choosing a cheaper Chinese product.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I think that there are a number of risks that contend for the ‘main risk’ category, as China can obviously be a risky market to enter. I therefore think that it can be difficult to highlight a main risk, without first considering other risks and how they contribute to this main risk. In actual terms, I mean that financial losses being the main risk of China can also be influenced by brand damage and corruption, along with other threats. I therefore do not think that one risk alone can be identified as the main one, as they are all linked, for example, brand damage can lead to a decrease in sales, which can lead to financial losses in China due to increasing competition as competitors take advantage of the damaged company. I also think that it depends on what type of company is operating in China, as luxury items being sold in China may be at less risk of competition, but at higher risk from corruption. I think that this nicely summarises the fact that companies can have different main risks, depending on their product, and also possibly their location. The Bo Xilai case is an example of this, as businesses operating in Chongqing would have been exposed to a higher risk of being embroiled in corruption than businesses in other areas because of the nature of the politician in charge of that region.








Thursday 20 February 2014

Wow paragraph on Bullet Point 2 (Risks/Rewards).

Thanks to Vicky, Georgia and Hope whose last essays (bullet point 2 essay) provided the basis for this wow paragraph on the risk of corruption.







Bo Xilai in court (pic: BBC)

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Another risk faced by foreign businesses in China is the risk of operating in an environment where there is deep rooted institutional corruption. This was highlighted by the trial of the senior Chinese politician, Bo Xilai, who was sentenced for life for bribery, corruption and abuse of power in September 2013. The case illustrates that the power of senior Chinese officials is not restrained by the same safeguards that we have in the UK. A free press and democratic elections don’t exist in China and the legal framework is very different to that in EU countries. The risk of corruption is possibly increased by the culture of “Guanxi” (relationships/trust) which can lead to gift-giving on a grand scale. A recent (2013) example of a UK company which has been caught up in a Chinese corruption scandal in China is GlaxoSmithkline (GSK). The pharmaceutical company allegedly used travel companies to channel £300 million to bribe doctors and officials and has admitted wrongdoing by some of its executives. This led to their sales plunging 61% in July-September 2013 with a negative impact on their brand and profits. There are a good number of other companies which have been caught in the China corruption “trap” e.g. the GSK case has similarities with the improper payments that Avon has been alleged to make in China. The end outcome of being embroiled in such corruption scandals is the risk of financial losses. So in that sense the proposition in the question, i.e. that the risk of financial losses is the greatest one that companies face in China, looks to be sound.